专业英语八级（翻译）模拟试卷287 (题后含答案及解析)题型有： 4. TRANSLATION
PART IV TRANSLATION
1． 丝绸之路不仅是一条古代通商的道路，它更是连接古代中华文明、印度文明、埃及文明、希腊文明和美索不达米亚文明的纽带，是东西方文化和科学技术交流的桥梁，是横贯欧亚的历史文化大动脉。丝绸之路促使人类文明在不同地域之间进行交流。不同文明传来的新鲜养分，孕育着新的文化。它是古老的中国走向世界、接受世界其他地方文明营养的主要通道。中国文化性格的塑造与丝绸之路息息相关。
正确答案： The Silk Road functioned not only as a trade route, but also as a bridge that linked the ancient civilizations of China, India, Egypt, Greece and Mesopotamian plains. It also helped to promote the exchange of cultures, science and technology between East and West. Being the artery of communcations acress Eurasia, the Silk Road facilitated the exchange of human civilizations between different regions, during which came the new thoughts and bred new cultures. The Silk Road served as the main channel for ancient China to open up to the outside world, as well as for fresh impulses from other cultures to enter the country, which contributed a significant share to the shaping of Chinese culture.
解析：背景介绍 本篇节选自叶朗撰写的《中国文化读本》。本书主要介绍了中国传统的历史文明和当代丰富多彩的文化生活，用简洁朴实的文字、生动活泼的内容，加深读者对中国文化的了解。一名出色的译者必须是一名“杂”家，对各门学科都有所涉猎。只有在翻译实践中不断学习，通过学习不断提高，才能在翻译过程中巧妙地运用所学知识，达到得心应手的状态。难点解析- 丝绸之路不仅是……历史文化大动脉：此句是汉语中典型的排比句，句子内容冗长且复杂，在翻译时可适当调整语序，把做修饰成分的定语群后置；句中出现了多个“是”，无须逐个译出，可用“function”统领。该句可译为：The Silk Road functioned not only as a trade route，but also as a bridge that linked the ancient civilizations of China，India，Egypt，Greece and Mesopotamian plains．- 中国文化性格的塑造与丝绸之路息息相关：which contributed a significant share to the shaping of Chinese culture。此句中又出现了“丝绸之路”一词，考生在翻译时应注意不必再将其译出，用which引导的非性定语从句连接即可。 知识模块：翻译
2． 交流促进发展。一个国家、一个民族，只要不是由于主观和客观的种种原因而长期处于孤立、闭塞的状态之中，或多或少都可以从交流中得到好处。 事实上，在现代国家中，绝对不受外来影响的固有文化是不存在的。一位美国的著名历史学家曾经写道：“任何国家的文明，来自外来影响的产物总是多于本国的发明创造。如果有人要把英国文化中任何受外国影响或来源于外国的东西删除掉，那么，英国的文化就所剩无几了。”
正确答案： Exchange promotes development. Any country or nation can more or less benefit from exchange if it does not isolate itself from or shut its doors to the outside world for any reasons, subjective or objective. In fact, there is not any native civilization on earth that does not bear traces of external influences. A noted American historian once wrote: “The civilization of any country is much more the product of external influences than of native invention. If one subtracted everything from the English culture that had foreign roots or antecedents, there would be little left.”
解析：背景介绍 本篇节选自于冠西的《对于<文化交流>的祝贺》。文中，作者对一本新刊物的发行表示由衷的祝贺，并表达了殷切的期盼，即为文化交流、振兴中华和世界和平做贡献。原文用词简练，行文流畅，是一篇很好的散文。译文应尽可能简洁明快，以反映原文的创作风格。难点解析- 一个国家、一个民族，只要……可以从交流中得到好处：此句是典型的中文长句，在翻译时应在语序上做相应调整或断句处理。该句可译为：Any country or nation can more or less benefit from exchange if it does not isolate itself from or shut its doors to the outside world for any reasons，subjective or objective．- 绝对不受外来影响的固有文化是不存在的：这是一句双重否定结构的强调句，译文中也可用双重否定的结构；此句中的部分词语可采用意译的方法，如“在现代国家中”可译成“on earth”、“固有文化”意为“本土文化”，译成“native civilization”更符合英语强调句的习惯。译者要充分挖掘“受外来影响”文字背后的含义，即“外来文化留下蛛丝马迹”，可译成“bear traces of external influences”。因此，该句可译为In fact，there is not any native civilization on earth that does not bear traces of external influences． 知识模块：翻译
3． 听起来有理，其实是个因噎废食的逻辑，这个学生之所以在小学、中学12年间没有学会自制自律，就是因为他们一直接受喂哺式的辅导，那么大学来继续进行“育婴”，这岂不是一个没完没了的恶性循环?把学生口里的奶嘴拿掉，我们总要有个起点；大学不做，更待何时?再说，我们对大学教育的期许是什么?教出一个言听计从、循规蹈矩、不穿拖鞋短裤的学生和教出一个自己会看情况、做决定、下判断的学生——究竟哪一个比较重要?
正确答案： These remarks sound reasonable, yet in fact they are quite illogical. It is because the students have all along been taught in a spoon-fed manner that they haven’t acquired independence and self-discipline after 12 years of schooling. Wouldn’t it merely result in an endless vicious circle if this sort of “babysitting” is continued at university level? If we’re going to take away the dummies from the mouths of students, we have to start somewhere; and if not at the university, then where? Besides, what are the aims of our university education? To turn out submissive and rule-abiding students who never wear slippers and shorts, or students who are able to independently assess a situation, make decisions and pass judgments, which is more important?
解析：背景介绍 本篇节选自作家龙应台的《校长，还是保姆?》，表达了作者对喂哺式教育的不满，认为传统教育方式抑制了学生自主学习能力的发展，她认为在大学期间应该注重对学生自主思维的培养。打破传统教育方法的定势，增强其自主自决、自治自律的能力。本篇为散文文体，句式较为松散，翻译时应注意句式的重组。难点解析- 听起来有理，其实是个因噎废食的逻辑：这句话中出现了一个包含典故的四字成语“因噎废食”，在翻译时如将其含义字对字翻出，译文会显得过于累赘，因此可以将“因噎废食的逻辑”转译成“不符合逻辑的”。原文的这个句子较长，句式较为松散，在翻译时可以采取拆句的方法，使译文更地道。译文：These remarks sound reasonable，yet in fact they are quite illogical．- 这个学生之所以在小学、中学12年间没有学会自制自律，就是因为他们一直接受喂哺式的辅导：“自制自律”即性和自律性，“喂哺式的辅导”可译为been taught in a spoon-fed manner；在翻译时，可以先说原因，再说其导致的结果，这样可以自然地与下一句衔接，增强文章的连贯性。译文为“It is because the students have all along been taught in a spoon-fed manner that they haven’t acquired independence and self-discipline after 12 years of schooling．”- 那么大学来继续进行“育婴”，这岂不是一个没完没了的恶性循环：“育婴”可借鉴英文的同义词或近义词，即babysitting；恶性循环可译为vicious circle／cycle，而良性循环是virtuous circle／cycle。在翻译时，应注意句子结构的调整，先译中心词，再译其修饰成分。译文为Wouldn’t it merely result in an endless vicious circle if this sort of“babysitting”is continued at university level?- 把学生口里的奶嘴拿掉，我们总要有个起点：这里的“奶嘴”可以直译为dummies，与上文的“育婴”相呼应，保持行文风格的统一。故译为：If we’re going to take away the dummies from the mouths of students，we have to start somewhere．- 教出一个言听计从、循规蹈矩、不穿拖鞋短裤的学生和教出一个自己会看情况、做决定、下判断的学生——究竟哪一个比较重要： “言听计从、循规蹈矩”指服从指令、遵守规则的学生，可译为submissive and rule-abiding students； “看情况、做决定、下判断”在翻译时应注意选择合适的动词。译文为：To turn out submissive and rule-abiding students who never wear slippers and shorts，or students who are able to independently assess a situation，make decisions and pass judgments，which is more important? 知识模块：翻译
4． 义和利，貌似相反，实则相通。“义”要求人献身抽象的社会实体，“利”驱使人投身世俗的物质利益，两者都无视人的心灵生活，遮蔽了人的真正的“自我”。“义”教人奉献，“利”诱人占有，前者把人生变成了一次义务的履行，后者把人生变成一场权利的争夺，殊不知人生的真价值是超乎义务和权利之外的。义和利都脱不开计较，所以，无论义师讨伐叛臣，还是利欲支配众生，人与人之间的关系总是紧张。
正确答案： Indeed, righteousness and gain, seemingly poles apart, have much essence in common. Righteousness calls for a devotion to the whole society while gain drives one to pursue material interests. In both cases, one’s disposition is overlooked and his true “self concealed. “Righteousness” teaches one to give while “gain” induces one to take. The former turns one’s life into a process of fulfilling endless obligations while the latter breeds a life-long scramble for wealth and power. We must remember, however, the true value of life is beyond obligations and power. Both righteousness and gain are yoked by calculating minds. That’s why we often find ourselves in a tense interpersonal relationship whether Mr. Righteousness is commanding or Mr. Gain controlling.
解析：背景介绍 本篇节选自作家周国平的散文《在义与利之外》，作者是一位具有人文精神和哲学理性的学者，他用散文的笔调写他的哲学思考，以哲学思考贯穿他的文学写作。作者在文中探讨了义与利的辩证关系，得出我们应该在利与义之外找到平衡点的结论。本文文笔简练，耐人寻味，翻译时应保持与原文风格的一致。难点解析- 义和利，貌似相反，实则相通：这里的“义”指正义，“利”指利益，分别译为righteousness和gain，译文为：Indeed，righteousness and gain，seemingly poles apart，have much essence in common．- “义”要求人献身抽象的社会实体， “利”驱使人投身世俗的物质利益：此句中的“社会实体”和“投身世俗”在翻译时可以转换词性；本句是义与利的比较，可以使用“…while…”的句式。译文为：Righteousness calls for a devotion to the whole society while gain drives one to pursue material interests．- 前者把人生变成了一次义务的履行，后者把人生变成一场权利的争夺：“前者”和“后者”分别对应“the former”和“the latter”，这句译为“The former turns one’s life into a process of fulfilling endless obligations while the latter breeds a life-long scramble for wealth and power, ”译文中的endless和life-long为增译成分，但增词不增义，表示对“义”和“利”的追求永无止境，因此，更全面、直观地表达了原文的含义。- 义和利都脱不开计较：这句话意为不管是义还是利都有各自的算计。原文中的“脱不开”可用yoke一词来表达“束缚”的意思，“计较”可具体化，译为calculating minds，参考译文：Both righteousness and gain are yoked by calculating minds．- 所以，无论义师讨伐叛臣，还是利欲支配众生，人与人之间的关系总是紧张：这句话是典型的中国文人的“春秋笔法”，作者借用“义师”、“叛臣”等虚构形象来表达“义”和“利”对人的支配。翻译时，应当化实为虚，使译文更通俗易懂。译文为：That’s why we often find ourselves in a tense interpersonal relationship whether Mr．Righteousness is commanding or Mr．Gain controlling． 知识模块：翻译